In 1937, the US Army Air Force (USAAF) opened a contest for their need
for a new high-altitude fighter design. The Lockheed Company was the winner with
their first military airplane.The famous designer Clarence “Kelly” Johnson who
later designed T-33, U-2 and F-104 was within the team. The prototype XP-38 flew
on 27 January 1939. This experimental prototype was shortly followed by
full-scale production of the P-38D, which was equipped with one 37mm
gun and four 12.7mm (0.5 inch) guns in the nose.
At the time of its initial delivery to the USAAF in the fall of 1941,
the Lightning was the fastest fighter in the American inventory. 143 P-38Ds were
also delivered to the Royal Air Force just after Pearl Harbor, but due to an
American ban on the export of turbochargers, the contract was cancelled and the
aircraft were returned.
During its production run, over a dozen model variants of the P-38 were
built. Most changes from the early D-model involved improved armament or
increased load-carrying capability. The most-built version was the P-38L, of which 3923 were built. (It is a
little-known fact that a small number of Lightnings were built under license by
the Consolidated-Vultee Corporation. 2,000 airplanes were contracted, but
production was halted on VJ-Day after only 113 had been
built.)
The Lightnings served both in
the Pasific and in the European theatres. It
gained fame in the hands of Army Major Richard I. Bong, whose 40 aerial
victories were scored in the P-38, making him the highest-scoring American ace
of the war.
The final variants of the
Lightning design, the F-4 and
F-5, were photo-reconnaissance
models used in Europe and the Far East. Pilots pilots loved the airplane for its
maneuverability, high-altitude capabilities and long flight endurance, which
could reach almost 12 hours with a full external fuel load.
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